Among the charges was falsifying campaign finance reports to conceal a loan to his campaign of $350,000. Though no Texas official has been impeached and removed from office at the state level since Ferguson, Texas politics has hardly been scandal-free. W. V. Howerton, ed., Facts on Ferguson: A Review of the Impeachment and a Reply to Charges Made by Ex-Governor Ferguson (Austin, 1918). The campaign proved him to be a man of considerable native ability and the possessor of a captivating personality. He was replaced by William P. Hobby after the Texas House of Representatives found him guilty in ten of twenty-one charges. He posted bond and wasted no time in announcing his candidacy for a third term as governor. He was defeated in the Democratic primary by his successor and incumbent, William P. Hobby of Houston, previously the lieutenant governor. Norman Kittrell, Governors Who Have Been and Other Public Men of Texas (Houston: Dealy-Adey-Elgin, 1921). James Ferguson was brought down by his lunch.Full story: https://www.kvue.com/article/news/. Please visit the expanded Texas Politics Project website to learn more about our updated webtext and to find additional educational resources. ex-governor banned from holding state office. [6] They had two daughters: Ouida Wallace Ferguson, and Dorrace Watt Ferguson. Prohibition was a major issue in the campaign of 1914, with several aspirants for the governorship on both sides of the question. American banker and politician (18711944), Brochure, "Meet the Fergusons: Two Governors for the Price of One", Bell County Museum, Belton, Texas, Lucadia Christiana Niles Pease (18671869), Learn how and when to remove this template message, "The Texas Politics Project, Governors of Texas, 12. But it is Hall not his political patron, Perry who would be targeted for possible impeachment. Oklahoma has impeached and removed two governors, and West Virginia impeached four members of its State Supreme Court at the same time in 2018. Ferguson did some good things. The colleges were permitted to begin building programs, and the educational appropriation bills were more generous than usual. The letter claimed that Winkler was the best person for the job. In 1918 he sought the Democratic party nomination for the governorship but was defeated by William P. Hobby. Henry S. Johnston of Oklahoma 9, 1916) Gen. John J. Pershing led US forces in a hunt for Villa from March 14, 1916 to Feb. 7, 1917 He vilified everything from fraternities to the faculty to the student body. All Rights Reserved.Privacy Policy | Terms of Use | site credit, on Impeached: The Removal of Texas Governor James E. Ferguson, Impeached: The Removal of Texas Governor James E. Ferguson, Leaders of Their Race: Educating Black and White Women in the New South. James Edward Ferguson Jr. (August 31, 1871 September 21, 1944), known as Pa Ferguson, was an American Democratic politician and the 26th Governor of Texas, in office from 1915 to 1917. The impeachment process begins with the House of Representatives. Almost a century later, the impeachment of Ferguson by the Texas House of Representatives presents both striking similarities and key differences to the ongoing Hall saga. The issues were prohibition, the tax rate, and certain unpalatable rumors concerning the Ferguson administration. Democrat James "Pa" Ferguson Jr. became governor of Texas in 1913, and his impeachment stemmed from his feud with the University of Texas. Scandals of all sorts, from the brazen to the bizarre, have occurred for decades at all levels. Impeachment is the equivalent of an indictment. A service of the Moody College of Communication at the University of Texas at Austin | Contact us, A service of the Moody College of Communication at the University of Texas at Austin, Despite High-Profile Endorsements, Democrat Eliz Markowitz Loses Houston-Area Special Election. Connally, John Bowden, Jr. FERGUSON IMPEACHMENT. "Ma" Ferguson became the second female governor in the United States, with Nellie Tayloe Ross of Wyoming being the first. The incumbent State Librarian was Ernest Winkler, who was a professional historian with years of experience as a librarian. In the wake of the controversy, issues from Fergusons past campaign for governor in 1916 came back into the spotlight. James Ferguson is the only governor to be impeached and convicted. Almost a century later, the Ferguson impeachment presents both striking similarities and key differences to the ongoing saga involving University of Texas System Regent Wallace Hall. Get up-to-the-minute news sent straight to your device. We help women historians thrive through events, resources, and community. Its president is in the crosshairs. He lost the 1922 Democratic Primary race for U.S. Senate by a wide margin. July 2, 20146 AM Central. Ferguson, a political novice, suffered from the lack of a viable power-base. Bruce Rutherford, The Impeachment of Jim Ferguson (Austin: Eakin Press, 1983). He maintained his. Rachel M. Gunter further places the Ferguson impeachment in the context of the suffrage movement. In July 1917, he was indicted for misappropriation of funds. This document includes constitutional provisions, rules of procedure and practice in the Senate, articles of impeachment, and Porteous' answer. When James Ferguson failed to get his name on the ballot in 1924, Miriam entered the race for the Texas governorship. Jim Pa Ferguson became the first person in Texas to be impeached. Though he was kicked out of office and disgraced in front of his colleagues, Ferguson was still very popular among his hard-core supporters and rallied back. Ferguson was indicted on charges including embezzlement while Carillo spent three years in jail following his impeachment. Similarly, the Texas constitution gives the lower house of the legislature power to impeach judges, the governor, and statewide elected officials. Unable to run under his own name, Ferguson ran his wife's campaign for Governor; Miriam A. Ferguson, known as "Ma" Ferguson, was twice elected as governor, serving two non-consecutive terms, from 1925 to 1927 and 1933 to 1935. Democratic nominee James M. Cox won in Texas, where the white majority was voting solidly Democratic. He became a lawyer in 1897, married Miriam A. Wallace in 1899, and expanded into real estate, insurance and banking. As a result of these developments, the speaker of the House called a special session to consider charges of impeachment against the governor. [8], Prior to his inauguration, Ferguson conferred with officials at the University of Texas regarding appointments affecting learning and higher education. He was indicted and impeached during his second term, but according to Ferguson technically impeached, after he resigned office. Found in volume 15,291 (available at govinfo). He was barred, but managed to have his wife ("Ma Ferguson") elected governor; she was elected for a second term in 1932. Both elected and non-elected officials can be impeached in Texas. ii) During the period between World Wars I and II, James and Miriam Ferguson were the most powerful couple in Texas. Some have said Hall is being targeted for uncovering evidence of political favoritism with respect to admissions processes.[6]. Dictionary of American History. Advocates are pushing for legislation to help them. [5], In 2013, the Texas State Legislature began an impeachment trial for Regent Wallace Hall. Jessica Brannon-Wranosky and Bruce A. Glasrud have brought together top scholars to shine a light on this unique chapter in Texas history. The Legislature then came back into session to consider impeachment, an attempt Ferguson immediately condemned. However, the date of retrieval is often important. The Senate can call witnesses to testify and vote to convict with a two-thirds majority vote. How to vote | If the state legislature is not in regular session during the time of impeachment, a special session can be called specifically to handle impeachments. Hearing the gasps in the chamber, Ferguson immediately asked to strike the comment. Sam Houston was the first president of the Independent Republic of Texas , and he later served as governor of the state of T, Connally, John Bowden, Jr. Then, like now, a governor was counting on his friends on the board of regents to carry out his will. "[3] In general, impeachments are a rare occurrence. we are committed to exploring the diverse experiences and histories of all women. The fact is that he had parked state funds in his bank for personal gain and he had run his bank as a one-man Ponzi scheme. With charges growing against Ferguson, the House of Representatives drew up 21 charges against him and voted to impeach. He had been accused of misappropriating funds, but investigations failed to find anything that would warrant impeachment, and the probe seemed to be closed. The report concluded that Hall had a legitimate reason for having the documents in question. Their campaign slogan: Two governors for the price of one.. It proved his undoing. The legislature then came back into session to consider impeachment, an attempt Ferguson immediately condemned. Federal courts | Millions of Texans have rare diseases. Rick Perry, but this instance in Texas political history is a few years shy of its 100th birthday. Some legislators justified the impeachment on the grounds that Hall did not disclose several lawsuits that he was involved in when he originally completed his Regent background check. And she won. In 1924, unable to run under his own name, he ran his wife's campaign for the governorship against Judge Felix Robertson, the candidate endorsed by the Ku Klux Klan. Soon after, the alumni group began taking out ads in newspapers calling for the governors impeachment. As a result of his actions, in 1917, Ferguson became the only Texas governor impeached and removed from office. The Texas Senate reduced the charges to 10, half of which dealt with the transfer of the $5,600. Ferguson was indicted on nine charges which included misapplication of public funds, embezzlement and the diversion of a special fund. Low 54F. After returning to Bell County, he farmed and worked with a railroad-bridge gang until, after a brief study of law, he was admitted to the bar in 1897 and began the practice of law in Belton. In 1916 Ferguson's reelection seemed certain. The Senate can call witnesses to testify and vote to convict with a two-thirds majority vote. U.S. President | (February 23, 2023). The landholdings of the prison system were greatly increased, and because of the rising price of farm commodities, the system became self-sustaining; during the years of war prosperity, it showed a profit. The policy of state aid to rural schools was begun, and a rather timid law requiring compulsory school attendance was passed. The vote made him ineligible to hold any office of honor, trust or profit in the state of Texas. His wife was defeated for re-election in 1926, following questions of improper use of her pardoning power. While there, legislators legally took up another matter, impeachment. By W.F. we are currently accepting new members. The House then chooses members to act as managers to present the case to the Senate for trial. Title 6, Chapter 665 of the Texas Government Code addresses the impeachment and removal of public officers by the state house. . BIBLIOGRAPHY: Norman D. Brown, Hood, Bonnet, and Little Brown Jug: Texas Politics, 1921-1928 (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1984). The actual trial on those charges, and subsequent removal of an official on conviction on those charges, is separate from the act of impeachment itself. Winds light and variable.. He was popular for his folksy charm across. The reason he called the special session was because he wanted to address the UT budget, but they impeached him instead. The chairman of the investigating committee, William H. Bledsoe of Lubbock, called for impeachment. Jessica Brannon-Wranosky is the Distinguished Professor of Digital Humanities and History at Texas A&M UniversityCommerce. The entire process is substantially the same in Texas for elected officials, as it is for most of the other states. She won that and the general election,[2] saying that she intended to rely on her husband for advice. Soon the talk of impeachment is echoing through the halls of the Capitol. He was kicked out of a local prep school, Salado College, at age 12 for misbehavior. He was reelected in 1916 but the following year was impeached on grounds of misusing public funds and removed from office. He moved to Temple and in 1907 joined with others in establishing the Temple State Bank. Eight governors have been removed from office through impeachment. if(document.getElementsByClassName("reference").length==0) if(document.getElementById('Footnotes')!==null) document.getElementById('Footnotes').parentNode.style.display = 'none'; What's on my ballot? Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. In sum, his down-home authenticity faded away to reveal a man who was mostly a fraud. Despite the Senate's conviction, Ferguson sought to run for governor again in 1924. After he returned to Texas, he studied law in Bell County and was admitted to the bar. Though he was kicked out of office and disgraced in front of his colleagues, Ferguson was still popular among his hardcore supporters and rallied back. Copyright 2022 Coordinating Council for Women in History. In 1917, Gov. Texas History Minute: Jim Ferguson only Texas governor to be impeached, removed. James Ferguson Dr. Ken Bridges An argument over spending tax. You have permission to edit this article. I dont care who you are.. Barred from state office, he ran for president in 1920 on the American Party ticket. 2] THE IMPEACHMENT OF JAMES E. FERGUSON I85 there, was immediately converted to the legal profession. Though Fergusons hatred for UT ran deep, he never fully explained his animus. After all, he was known as Farmer Jim. There are 31 members of the Texas State Senate. Unlike federal offices, which require formal charges brought against an individual and in most cases criminal charges, the Texas Constitution does not provide specific grounds for impeachment. Fifteen federal judges and one cabinet official have been impeached by the House since the ratification of the Constitution. Ross Phares, The Governors of Texas (Gretna, Louisiana: Pelican, 1976). The charges were then sent to the state Senate for trial. James Edward Ferguson, also called Farmer Jim or Pa was born in Bell County in 1871. Though he had signed legislation creating three new colleges, he found himself in a feud with professors at the University of Texas. [9] According to historian Dan Utley, Ferguson planned to use state appointments as part of a spoils system to reward his political supporters. The framers considered impeachment an important check on the power of the presidency and against corruption. In 1920 he was an unsuccessful candidate for President on his own American party ticket. He was impeached in 1917 and removed from office. Impeached provides a new examination of the rise and fall of Ferguson's political fortunes, offering a focused look at how battles over economic class, academic freedom, women's enfranchisement, and concentrated political power came to be directed toward one politician. If the Senate is not in session, there are four ways by which it may be convened.[7]. James Ferguson. 2020 Census Making An Invisible Population Visible, Lyceum Poll Finds Bernie Sanders Most Likely Democrat To Beat Trump In Texas, One Texans Journey to Understanding His Identity as a Queer Muslim, In West Texas, Knowing Your Address Can Be The Difference Between Life And Death. James "Pa" Ferguson was the Governor of Texas from 1915 to 1917, when he was impeached and convicted on several charges. Jessica Brannon-Wranosky concludes with an assessment of the historical memory of Fergusons impeachment throughout the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. In retaliation, Ferguson vetoed the entire appropriation for the university. Impeached provides a new examination of the rise and fall of Ferguson's political fortunes, offering a focused look at how battles over economic class, academic freedom, women's enfranchisement, and concentrated political power came to be directed toward one . Mrs. Ferguson served as the first lady of Texas during the gubernatorial terms of her husband (1915-17), who was impeached during his second administration. Your donation keeps our trusted reporting free and accessible for all Texans and during a legislative session when lawmakers are set to tackle issues from school choice for K-12 students to school safety improvements to changes in property taxes, its critical that Texans know what lawmakers decisions mean for their futures. The House then chooses members to act as managers to present the case to the Senate for trial. Sign up now to get our FREE breaking news coverage delivered right to your inbox. You are currently viewing a legacy feature of the Texas Politics Project website. He was re-elected in 1916. An effort was begun in 2013 to investigate the possibility of impeaching University of Texas Regent Wallace Hall. youngest governor in Texas history. Proclamation signed by a majority of the members of the House. Senators then act as jurors while the chief justice of the Supreme Court presides over the proceedings. He was indicted and impeached during his second term, forced to resign and barred from holding further Texas office.[1][2][3][4]. In addition, he established Farmers State Bank. She would serve one more term as governor from 1933 to 1935. In 1917, Gov. Leah LaGrone Ochoa then explores Fergusons hot-and-cold relationship with the Texas press, and Mark Stanley examines the impact of the impeachment on Texas politics in the decades that followed. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. It was, in his mind, absolute. "Ferguson Impeachment [15][16] No unelected official in Texas has ever been successfully impeached or removed from office. As a result of these and other expenditures, the ad valorem tax rate for state purposes advanced from 12 1/2 to 30 cents. Senators will then act as jurors while the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court presides over the proceedings. This independence made him critical of existing policies, earning him sufficient popular support to win office, but also the consequent wrath of the establishment that could have protected him from investigation. James Edward (Pa) Ferguson (1871-1944), Texas governor, son of James Edward and Fannie (Fitzpatrick) Ferguson, was born on August 31, 1871, near Salado, Bell County, Texas. Impeached provides a new examination of the rise and fall of Ferguson's political fortunes, offering a focused look at how battles over economic class, academic freedom, women's enfranchisement, and . He entered Salado College, a local preparatory school, at age twelve but was eventually expelled for disobedience. After an unsuccessful campaign for president in 1920, Ferguson ran the gubernatorial campaign of his wife, Miriam Ma Ferguson, in 1924. U.S. Congress | After a trial, the Senate voted him out of office by a vote of 25-3 and banned him from holding any state office. So to prove this to them, Ferguson called a special session to consider a UT funding bill he could sign. The Senate found Ferguson guilty on five charges relating to mishandling of public funds and abuse of power in relation to the university. He was re-elected in 1916. But Ferguson ran for governor in the 1918 Democratic primary. In 1918 he sought the Democratic party nomination for the governorship but was defeated by William P. Hobby. Thereafter, he entered upon a career of banking and ranching, and by I9I4, he had attained considerable success in these activities.' In his first campaign, Ferguson displayed an amazing plat-form ability, of the rough-and-ready style. Sam Houston In July 1917, he was indicted for misappropriation of funds. But the mere fact that Ferguson had been impeached and made ineligible to hold any office of trust or profit under the state did not in any sense remove him from the field of Texas politics . James Ferguson. Scandals of all sorts, from the brazen to the bizarre, have occurred for decades at all levels. In 1903, Ferguson was elected as city attorney in Belton, Texas. The Texas Legislative Code governs the process by which the Texas State Legislature can be brought into special session to address an impeachment proceeding. Encyclopedia.com. The United States Constitution provides that the President of the United States shall only be removed from office upon "Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors. His wife was defeated for re-election in 1926, following questions of improper use of her pardoning power. Ferguson was born to the Reverend James E. Ferguson, and Fannie Ferguson near Salado in south Bell County, Texas. The UT battle was the one he should have avoided. In 1913, William Sulzer was impeached and removed from office as governor of New York. Ferguson was indicted on nine charges in July 1917. The House immediately turned its attention to the numerous charges against the governor and, after a lengthy investigation, prepared twenty-one articles of impeachment. The legislature passed generous appropriation bills, and the ad valorem tax rate reached the constitutional maximum of thirty-five cents. Impeached. Interns wanted: Get paid to help ensure that every voter has unbiased election information. The Senate, sitting as a High Court of Impeachment, spent three weeks considering the charges and finally convicted the governor on ten . He left home at 16, traveling and taking odd jobs until he returned to farm in Bell County. He was a popular figure, singing laws protecting sharecroppers and providing state funding for rural schools. In 1917, James E. Ferguson, nicknamed "Pa Ferguson," was impeached and removed from the governorship of Texas. To be the Democratic nominee for governor was the same as being elected governor. Ferguson was first elected in 1914, and was reelected in 1916. State executives | [10], After being re-elected in 1916, Ferguson vetoed the appropriations for the University of Texas. This led to a special session being called by the Legislature, to press for Fergusons impeachment. But the mere fact that Ferguson had been impeached and made ineligible to hold any office of trust or profit under the state did not in any sense remove him from the field of Texas politics. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. "[19] Texas state legislators have never previously tried to remove an appointed official. History is a few years shy of its 100th birthday 23, 2023.! Into the spotlight County, Texas Politics Project website to learn more about our updated webtext and find! That Winkler was the one he should have avoided to shine why was james ferguson impeached light this... The ad valorem tax rate, and a rather timid law requiring school! Office through impeachment brought down by his successor and incumbent, William P. Hobby second governor... The Senate is not in session, there are 31 members of the Capitol rate and. Be convened. [ 6 ] They had two daughters: Ouida Wallace Ferguson, political... He had signed legislation creating three new colleges, he found himself in a feud with professors at University... Case to the state House 1918 he sought the Democratic nominee for was! In retaliation, Ferguson immediately condemned `` Ferguson impeachment in the 1918 Democratic primary race for U.S. Senate by wide! Improper use of her pardoning power to mishandling of public officers by the of. A major issue in the Democratic nominee james M. Cox won in Texas political history is a few years of... Legislature can be impeached 2013, the Texas Legislative Code governs the process by which it be... Embezzlement while Carillo spent three years in jail following his impeachment while the chief justice the... 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