what are the key towns of the river trentwhat are the key towns of the river trent

The two locks at Cromwell became one, capable of holding eight Trent barges, dredging equipment was updated, and several of the locks were mechanised. For the Trent this proportion is lower, but with nearly half of low flows being made up of these effluent inflows, it is still significant. Cities and towns on or close to the river include: Prior to the mid-18th century there were few permanent crossings of the river with only four bridges downstream of the Tame confluence: the old medieval bridges at Burton, Swarkestone, Nottingham (known as Hethbeth Bridge) and Newark, all first built by 1204. [97], The river is legally navigable for some 117 miles (188km) below Burton upon Trent. the river flowed over major road routes. [163] The importance of these fords was demonstrated by their inclusion in the 1783 navigation Act, which limited any dredging at these sites so that they remained less than 2 feet (0.61m) deep. Underlying the upper reaches of the Trent, are formations of Millstone Grit and Carboniferous Coal Measures which include layers of sandstones, marls and coal seams. [183][184], The Trent Valley Way created in 1998 as a long-distance footpath, enables walkers to enjoy the combined attractions of the rivers rich natural heritage and its history as an inland navigation. Burton upon Trent, town and urban area (from 2011 built-up area), East Staffordshire borough, administrative county of Staffordshire, west-central England. [185][186][187][188], Historically swimming in the river was popular, in 1770 at Nottingham there were two bathing areas on opposite banks at Trent Bridge which were improved in 1857 with changing sheds and an assistant. These consisted of V shaped alignments of stakes; wattle panels and a large wicker trap and demonstrate that passive fishing techniques were in use on the river. Riverside lakes near Shardlow act as a reserve water source for Nottingham and Derby, and water is also abstracted at Torksey and Newton-on-Trent for supplies in Lincolnshire. [154] This led to comments that the river had become too clean for its fish, and its popularity, especially for match fishing, declined from the mid 1980s. For example, Birmingham lies at the upper end of the Tame, and Leicester is located towards the head of the Soar. The cost of improvements was too great for the old company, and so an Act of Parliament was obtained in 1884 to restructure the company and raise additional capital. The variation in these factors is also reflected in the contrasting runoff characteristics and subsequent inflows of the principal tributaries. Rugeley. [36][37], Downstream of Armitage the solid geology is primarily Mercia Mudstones, the course of the river following the arc of these mudstones as they pass through the Midlands all the way to the Humber. In 1823 and again in 1831, the Newark Navigation Commissioners proposed improvements to the river, so that larger vessels could be accommodated, but the Trent Navigation Company were making a good profit, and did not see the need for such work. [174][175] [155], Analysis of catch returns from 1969 to 1985, showed that the fish caught most often by anglers were barbel, bream, bleak, carp, chub, dace, eel, gudgeon, perch, and roach. At its southern end is a ruined Tudor manor house known as Torksey Castle, and beyond that, Torksey Lock marks the point where the Trent meets the Foss Dyke Canal. [34] To bring clean water to the West Midlands, Birmingham Corporation created a large reservoir chain and aqueduct system to bring water from the Elan Valley. Wilmington, North Carolina, United States. (Until the late 18th century, a long period of stagnation for economic and technical reasons limited the number of bridges over the Trent; it has been noted that relatively few bridges were constructed in England on new sites anywhere between around 12501300 and 1750. Water level management is important in these lowland areas, and the local watercourses are usually maintained by internal drainage boards and their successors, with improved drainage being assisted by the use of pumping stations to lift water into embanked carrier rivers, which subsequently discharge into the Trent. A plan to build six locks between Cromwell and Holme, and to dredge this section to ensure it was 60 feet (18m) wide and 5 feet (1.5m) deep was authorised by an Act of Parliament obtained in 1906. [167] The bridge was probably gone by around 1311 when nearby Wilden ferry, near Shardlow was first recorded, and the site thereafter went without a bridge until Cavendish Bridge opened around 1760. Jan 1993 - May 202128 years 5 months. [166] King Edward fortified the Nottingham bridge in 920, while a notable battle took place at Burton's bridge in 1322, and another in 1643. Below Cromwell lock, the Trent is tidal, and therefore only navigable by experienced, well-equipped boaters. With a course of 143 miles . The two arms recombine at Crankley Point beyond the town, where the river turns due north to pass North Muskham and Holme to reach Cromwell Weir, below which the Trent becomes tidal. Pictures & slide show. [47][148] More definitive finds from the medieval period were also found at this site and near Colwick. The Trent and Tame River Valleys Futurescape includes rivers, farmland and wetlands,. Nottingham Corporation invested some 450,000 on building the locks authorised by the 1906 Act, starting with Holme lock on 28 September 1921, and finishing with Hazelford lock, which was formally opened by Neville Chamberlain on 25 June 1926. The Trent is the third-longest river in the United Kingdom.Its source is in Staffordshire, on the southern edge of Biddulph Moor.It flows through and drains the North Midlands.The river is known for dramatic flooding after storms and spring snowmelt, which in the past often caused the river to change course. [11][12], It then reaches the town of Gainsborough with its own Trent Bridge. Key information about Oxford, Royal Windsor, London and Southend and all the other towns 200+ miles along the River Thames. Shortly afterwards, the river becomes the Derbyshire-Leicestershire border, passing the traditional crossing point of King's Mill, Castle Donington, Weston-on-Trent and Aston-on-Trent. [177], Once these early stations reached the end of their functional life, they were usually demolished, although in some cases the sites have been retained and redeveloped as gas fired power stations. [7] This may indeed indicate a river that is prone to flooding. [16] An abandoned channel at Repton is described on an old map as 'Old Trent Water', records show that this was once the main navigable route, with the river having switched to a more northerly course in the 18th century. [95], With traffic still between 350,000 and 400,000 tonnes per year, Frank Rayner became the engineer in 1896, and the company were persuaded that major work was necessary if the navigation was to survive. From its source in the Plynlimon Mountains in west Wales, the River Severn flows through the West Midlands counties of Shropshire, Worcestershire and Gloucestershire Wales (Powys) Llanidloes(165m above sea level) Caersws Newtown(103m above sea level) Welshpool(70m above sea level) England Shropshire Shrewsbury(county town and historic city) The work was completed by September 1787, and dividends of 5 per cent were paid on the capital during 1786 and 1787, increasing to 7 per cent, the maximum allowed by the Act, after that. The parallel canal was thwarted in May 1793, when they negotiated the withdrawal of the canal bill by proposing a thorough survey of the river which would result in their own legislation being put before parliament. Nottingham seems to have been the ancient head of navigation until the Restoration, due partly to the difficult navigation of the Trent Bridge. Sir Ernest Jardine, who as vice-chairman had partly funded the first lock at Cromwell in 1908, died in 1947, and the company ceased to exist in 1948 when the waterways were nationalised. [115][123], The improvements in water quality along the Trent were recorded through the chemical monitoring of the river from the 1950s. Other changes, such as the replacement of town gas with natural gas, saw the end of the polluting and toxic coal tar emissions to rivers in 1963. Some 20,000 acres (81km2; 31sqmi) were flooded for a period of over three weeks.[23][81][82]. [59], In terms of rainfall the Derwent receives the highest annual average rainfall, whereas the Devon, which has the lowest average rainfall is the driest catchment of those tabulated. "The Duke of Sutherland and River Trent Pollution", "Cyanide sparks River Trent pollution probe", "Anglian Water's 44m reservoir scheme in Newton-on-Trent nears completion", "Wildlife Sightings at Attenborough Sightings for February 2010", "Little Egrets breed in Nottinghamshire for first time", "Photographer captures otter at Nottinghamshire reserve", "Grey seal caught on camera in the River Trent", "An itinerary of Nottingham: Trent Bridge", "Changes in the species composition of anglers' catches in the River Trent (England) between 1969 and 1984", "The disappearing roach: River Trent is too clean for its fish", "The value and performance of large river recreational fisheries", "To stock fry and parr into the River Dove", "Anglers first salmon is also a river trent record", "Bridges: Past & Future. [191][192], Rowing clubs have existed at Burton, Newark and Nottingham since the mid-1800s, with various regattas taking place between them, both on the river and on the rowing course at the national watersports centre. [33][86] In December 2013, the largest storm surge since the 1950s occurred on the Trent, when a high spring tide combined with strong winds and a low pressure weather system, produced elevated tidal river levels in the lower reaches. [116], Until the outbreak of the Second World War, the main source of pollution continued to be the Potteries, although there was contamination from the Tame and other lower tributaries it was not as prominent. Together these contain the majority of the 6 million people who live in the catchment.[29]. There are other big events each year like the Oxford and Cambridge University Boat Races . [81], The principal flood of the 19th century and the second largest recorded, was in October 1875. The river starts life at Wooley Moor near Bude in Cornwall, just four miles south of the Bristol Sea coast. This led to increased investment, the closure of older and smaller works, with sewage treatment being combined at larger modern works such as Strongford and Minworth. The River Trent was a major working river until after the Second World War. key towns of river bann. [59], Alphabetical listing of tributaries, extracted from the Water Framework Directive list of water bodies for the River Trent:[206], Trent Bridge, with Nottingham in the background, West Bridgford in the floods of March 1947, Holme Sluices: part of the Nottingham flood defences, Trent Valley Sailing Club near Trent Lock. elephant jokes from the 60's . More specifically, the name may be a contraction of two Romano-British words, tros ("over") and hynt ("way"). [89], The Trent and Mersey Canal was authorised by Act of Parliament in 1766, and construction from Shardlow to Preston Brook, where it joined the Bridgewater Canal, was completed by 1777. [152] The last known catch was in 1902 near Holme, the fish was .mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}8+12 feet (2.6m) and weighed 250 pounds (110kg). Livestock was badly affected, 72 sheep drowned in Wilford and ten cows were lost in Bridgford. The native and migrant species are still spotted in River Trent where they live on the nature reserves and wetland areas. The Trent historically marked the boundary between Northern England and Southern England. Unusually for an English river, the channel altered significantly during historic times, and has been described as being similar to the Mississippi in this respect, especially in its middle reaches, where there are numerous old meanders and cut-off loops. The Aegir occurs when a high spring tide meets the downstream flow of the river. And cuts me from the best of all my land Throughout history, the river has been a main route for trade and travel. [80] The vulnerable flood bank at Spalford was breached again, floodwaters spreading out across the low-lying land, even reaching the River Witham and flooding Lincoln. As water quality improved from the 1960s onwards, fish numbers recovered, and recreational coarse fishing became more popular. At least one other medieval attempt was made to bridge the Trent near Wilden at Hemington, but this was gone long before the end of the Middle Ages. [159] Returning adult salmon have been seen leaping over weirs on the river[159] and in 2011 a large salmon weighing over 10 pounds (4.5kg) was caught at an undisclosed location, and was 'thought to be the biggest caught on the Trent in the last thirty years'.[160]. He suggested that dredging, deepening, and restricting the width of the channel could make significant improvements to the navigable depth, although cuts would be required at Wilford, Nottingham bridge and Holme. Some of the earliest floods can be assessed by using Spalford bank as a substitute measure for the size of a particular flood, as it has been estimated that the bank only failed when flows were greater than 1,000m3/s (35,000cuft/s), the bank was also breached in 1403 and 1795. And here the smug and silver Trent shall run The river flows in a southerly direction for fifty miles before reaching it's estuary on the Hamoaze, situated on Plymouth Sound in the English Channel. The river is known for dramatic flooding after storms and spring snowmelt, which in past times often caused the river to . The river turns north-east where it is joined by its largest tributary, the Tame (which is at this point actually the larger, though its earlier length shorter) and immediately afterwards by the Mease, creating a larger river that now flows through a broad floodplain. Hayne subsequently scuppered a barge in King's Lock, and for the next eight years goods had to be transhipped around it. The lower Bann flows northward through Lough Beg and carries the waters of Lough Neagh to the sea below Coleraine. [112] The collapse of the fishery was due to the rapid population increase of the towns that developed following the Industrial Revolution. [168][169]) Cavendish Bridge was itself damaged beyond repair by a flood in March 1947, requiring a temporary Bailey bridge to be used until a new concrete span was constructed in 1957. Rampton. On the southern fringes of Stoke, it passes through the landscaped parkland of Trentham Gardens.[11]. Efird Commercial Real Estate. At Newark, cargo such as wool, coal, grain and timber was unloaded on the wharves and stored in warehouses. [128] The improvements that have taken place mean that the Trent can be used for public water consumption. The two men refused to allow any cargo to be landed which was not carried in their own boats, and so created a monopoly. I'll have the current in this place damm'd up; For example, the administration of royal forests was subject to a different justice in eyre north and south of the river, and the jurisdiction of the medieval Council of the North started at the Trent. The documentary "Guardians of the Grasslands" has now evolved into an online game for students in Grade 7 to 10. In Nottingham a cart overturned in the floodwaters near the Wilford Road and six people drowned, dwellings nearby were flooded to a depth of 6 feet (1.8m). A loan from Nottingham Corporation and a grant from the Unemployment Grants Committee enabled the company to rebuild Newark Nether lock, which was opened on 12 April 1926. The ferry boats used along the Trent ranged in size from small rowing boats, to flat decked craft that could carry livestock, horses, and in some case their associated carts or wagons. [115], The economic recession in the 1970s meant that there was a considerable contraction of heavy industrial sectors, reducing pollution loadings from factories and foundries. The only toll bridge that remains across the Trent is at Dunham, although it is free to cross on Christmas and Boxing Day. [83] In Newark the water was deep enough to allow four grammar school boys to row across the countryside to Kelham. Built as an abbey church, it has a Norman nucleus as well as touches Tip by Amy Bookmark Take Me There OSM 2 Shrewsbury Abbey The current state of knowledge and proposals for future research", "Cavendish Bridge Conservation Area Appraisal and Study", "Coal-Fired Power Plants in East England & the Midlands", "Strategic Priorities for Water Related Recreation in the Midlands", "Burton-upon-Trent: Social and cultural activities", "Tom Milner swims 139 miles in nine days", "Tom Milner completes River Trent Challenge", "National Water Sports Centre About Us", "Report on the investigation of Nottingham Princess striking Trent Bridge Nottingham", "Water Framework Directive Surface Water Classification Status and Objectives 2012 csv file", Photographs along the Trent in Nottingham from Nottingham21, Predictive Modelling of Multi-Period Geoarchaeological Resources at a River Confluence. However, a more likely explanation may be that it was considered to be a river that could be crossed principally by means of fords, i.e. [193][194][195], Both whitewater and flat water canoeing is possible on the Trent, with published guides and touring routes being listed for the river. The river passes through Stoke-on-Trent, Stone, Rugeley, Burton upon Trent and Nottingham before joining the River Ouse at Trent Falls to form the Humber Estuary, which empties into the North Sea between Hull in Yorkshire and Immingham in Lincolnshire. [34] River Bann, Irish An Bhanna, river, the largest in Northern Ireland, falling into two distinct parts. He reported that they could be treacherous to the unwary, since there were few gauges to show if the river had become too deep to cross, and that they were rarely used except by locals. This was caused by fumes rising from the river. There are many fishing clubs that use the river, with catches including barbel, bream, carp, chub, dace, pike, and roach. Facts about the River Trent 5: the native and migrant species. [98][99], Down river of Shardlow, the non-tidal river is navigable as far as the Cromwell Lock near Newark, except in Nottingham (Beeston Cut & Nottingham Canal) and just west of Nottingham, where there are two lengths of canal, Sawley and Cranfleet cuts. The most recent occurrence involved the Celtic Endeavour being aground near Gunness for ten days, finally being lifted off by a high tide.[102][103][104]. In a new channel, fair and evenly; The new Ferry Bridge was opened in 1889, although it needed the financial support of the brewer and philanthropist Michael Bass to pay for the construction, and later in 1898 to purchase the existing ferry rights so that it became free of tolls. Tolls were increased, and a committee recommended improvements to the river. Extended in 2012, the route now runs from Trent Lock in the south through to Alkborough where the river meets the Humber. [23], On 1718 March 1947 the Trent overtopped its banks in Nottingham. Agreement could not be reached, and so William Jessop was asked to re-assess the situation. In Nottingham the heights of significant historic floods from 1852 have been carved into a bridge abutment next to Trent Bridge, with flood marks being transferred from the medieval Hethbeth bridge that pre-dated the existing 19th-century crossing. [115][118], The pollution of the "Trent catchment was probably at its worst in the late 1950s",[115] this being the result of the ongoing industrialisation of the urban areas, combined with the interruption and under investment caused by two world wars, which lead to only piecemeal improvements of the sewerage treatment infrastructure taking place. Later, in 1699, the baron William Paget (Lord Paget), who owned coal mines and land in the area, obtained an Act of Parliament to extend navigation up to Fleetstones Bridge, Burton, despite opposition from the people of Nottingham. Navigation can be difficult, and there have been a number of incidents with ships running aground and in one case, striking Keadby Bridge. The wide Humber estuary has often been described as the boundary between the Midlands and the north of England. The river channel links the remaining, but fragmented wetland areas and nature reserves, providing a refuge for native and migrant species. In 1683 the same bridge was partially destroyed by a flood that also meant the loss of the bridge at Newark. [77], Early bridges were vulnerable to floods, and in 1309 many bridges were washed away or damaged by severe winter floods, including Hethbeth Bridge. After passing the site of High Marnham power station, it becomes the approximate boundary between Nottinghamshire and Lincolnshire and reaches the only toll bridge along its course at Dunham on Trent. [109][110] This divide was also described in Michael Drayton's epic topographical poem, Poly-Olbion, The Sixe and Twentieth Song, 1622: And of the British floods, though but the third I be, [29][30], A distinctive feature of the catchment is the marked variation in the topography and character of the landscape, which varies from the upland moorland headwaters of the Dark Peak, where the highest point of the catchment is the Kinder Scout plateau at 634 metres (2,080ft); through to the intensively farmed and drained flat fenland areas that exist alongside the lower tidal reaches, where ground levels can equal sea level. The flood bank was subsequently strengthened and repaired, following further floods during 1824 and 1852. [24], During the Pleistocene epoch (1.7 million years ago), the River Trent rose in the Welsh hills and flowed almost east from Nottingham through the present Vale of Belvoir to cut a gap through the limestone ridge at Ancaster and thence to the North Sea. The flood defences around Nottingham and Burton constructed during the 1950s, following the 1947 event, stopped any major urban flooding, but problems did occur in undefended areas such as Willington and Gunthorpe, and again at Girton where 19 houses were flooded. Lord Paget leased the navigation and the wharf at Burton to George Hayne, while the wharf and warehouses at Wilden were leased by Leonard Fosbrooke, who held the ferry rights and was a business partner of Hayne. It was a Viking winter camp. [149], The Domesday catalogue showed that there were many successful mills and fisheries along the Trent. [33][85], Flooding on the Trent can also be caused by the effects of storm surges independently of fluvial flows, a series of which occurred during October and November 1954, resulting in the worse tidal flooding experienced along the lower reaches. [11] To the north-east of Burton the river is joined by the River Dove at Newton Solney and enters Derbyshire, before passing between the villages of Willington and Repton where it turns directly east to reach Swarkestone Bridge. [59][66], The Trent has marked variations in discharge, with long term average monthly flows at Colwick fluctuating from 45m3/s (1,600cuft/s) in July during the summer, and increasing to 151m3/s (5,300cuft/s) in January. Therefore only navigable by experienced, well-equipped boaters by fumes rising from the medieval period were also at! X27 ; s March 1947 the Trent is at Dunham, although it is free cross! In past times often caused the river Trent 5: the native and migrant species ;! 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