what was the purpose of the hartford convention

Delegates from five New England states met in a secret convention to determine the independent action they would take in response to the political control of the Democratic-Republicans. Fourth.-Congress shall not have power, without the concurrence of two-thirds of both Houses, to interdict the commercial intercourse between the United States and any foreign nation or the dependencies thereof. What was the purpose of the Tea Act? a) propose an end to the expansion of slavery, which empowered the political . He expanded the army to defend against Indian attack [5]:362370[2]:48, There are a number of reasons why historians doubt that the New England Federalists were seriously considering secession. Napoleon's support proved essential in success of the Haitian revolution. South Carolina The Hartford Convention was a series of meetings from December 15, 1814 to January 5, 1815, in Hartford, Connecticut, United States, in which the New England. c. Collapse of the Bank of the United States The letter proposing the convention from the Massachusetts legislature spoke mostly of discussing means of security and defense. But it went beyond immediate matters related to the ongoing war, as it also mentioned the issue of enslaved people in the American South being counted in the census for purposes of representation in Congress. d. Attack on the Federalist Party from Republican newspapers. a. Outlawed it c. Neither offered freedom to slaves willing to fight Ultimately, the convention ended with resolutions that advocated for changes to the federal Constitution and contributed to the fractious political landscape of the period. Why is the construction of the Panama Canal considered one of the world's greatest engineering feats? Stabilize the Bank of the United States This economy relied on the shipment of goods to and from New England ports and bound for ports in the South, the West Indies in the Caribbean, and abroad to Europe. New Hampshire's legislature was not in session and its Federalist governor, John Gilman, refused to call it back into session. The technical reason for the Convention was to propose Constitutional amendments and to arrange for the military defense of the New England states. Increase foreign investment in U.S. treasury bonds The stated purpose of the convention was to propose constitutional amendments to protect their section's interests and to make arrangements with the Federal government for their own military defense. First.-Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this union, according to their respective numbers of free persons, including those bound to serve for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, and all other persons. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. What Was the Purpose of the Hartford Convention? In a response to the British action of impressment (the act claiming a right to stop and search American vessels for potential British deserters), Jefferson signed the Embargo Act of 1807, banning all American shipping to foreign ports. Federalists still dominated the 1814elections, returning Caleb Strong as governor and electing 360Federalists against only 156Democratic-Republicans to the lower house of the Massachusetts Legislature. a. [2]:4446, A letter was sent to the other New England governors, inviting them to send delegates to a convention in Hartford, Connecticut. a. Americans 29, no. 3, 1956, pp. What was the purpose of the Hartford Convention? Write a pronoun that can correctly replace the underlined word or words in each sentence. Dissatisfaction was so widespread that the moderate wing of the Federalist leaders finally agreed something must be done. Learn about the Hartford Convention, its resolutions, and its significance to American History. Hartford convention has written: 'The proceedings of a convention of delegates, from the states of Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode-Island' -- subject(s): Politics and government What were . Conversely, the Chesapeake and Southern colonies had developed economies based around the cultivation of crops like tobacco and cotton. The Hartford Convention of 1814-15 was a meeting of New Englanders mostly Federalists by politics who were in opposition to the War of 1812. Historical Background. Even though the battle had been fought after the Treaty of Ghent had been signed, the news struck the U.S. like an earthquake. A pan-Indian resistance movement inspired by one prophet's religious vision Glass Act b. As early as 1804 some New England Federalists had discussed secession from the Union if the national government became too oppressive. Ultimately, the growing rift between New England and the federal government was the primary purpose of the 1814 Hartford Convention. b. British The Hartford Convention resulted in a declaration calling on the Federal Government to protect New England and to supply financial aid to New England's badly battered trade economy. The war was devastating to New England shipping and when the British exempted New England from its blockade, the United States . Themes: Role of Connecticut in U.S. History. 2) Clarke, Jack Alden. Hartford delegates intended for them to embarrass the President and the Democratic-Republicans in Congressand also to serve as a basis for negotiations between New England and the rest of the country. Among the proposals in the document were seven Constitutional amendments, none of which were ever acted upon. Native Americans .-Congress shall not make or declare war, or authorize acts of hostility against any foreign nation, without the concurrence of two-thirds of both Houses, except such acts of hostility be in defense of the territories of the United States when actually invaded. The delegates called for reformation in the form of amendments to the Constitution. Because of the difference in economy, these regions developed starkly different politics. Otis thought the Madison administration was near collapse and that unless conservatives like himself and the other delegates took charge, the radical secessionists might take power. The Hartford Convention was a gathering of leading New England Federalists during the War of 1812 (1812-1815). B. [2]:4445, Because Massachusetts and Connecticut had refused to subject their militia to the orders of the War Department, Madison declined to pay their expenses. Create foreign alliances that would assist the United States in the War of 1812 b. d.Wealthy Americans, Who suffered the most from the Whiskey tax? Their opponents claimed that the Federalists were traitors to the Union and favored secession. Battle of Trenton c. He used the military as a symbol of American patriotism No new State shall be admitted into the union by Congress in virtue of the power granted by the Constitution, without the concurrence of two-thirds of both Houses. b. Ultimately, the convention adopted a strong states rights position and expressed its grievances in a series of resolutions against military conscription and commercial regulations (along with some stringent criticisms of Madisons administration) that were agreed to on January 4, 1815. The belief in universal equality of all human nature The early American republic was divided in its politics because of the different economies that emerged in its development. [1]:24[2]:45, New England governors followed a policy of giving minimal support to the Federal government in waging the war. The date for the convention was set for December 15, 1814. These stray cats are not healthy nor are thesestraycats\underline{\text{these stray cats}}thesestraycats friendly. The treaty, which had been signed in Belgium on December 24, 1814, ended the War of 1812. Interested in reaching out? freedom struggle c. Eliminate seditious speech from newspapers This turned into a case of bad timing however, as news reached America on December 28, 1814 that a peace treaty has been signed with Great Britain. Indeed, Otis was unaware that Massachusetts Governor Strong had already sent a secret mission to discuss terms with the British for a separate peace. When news of Andrew Jackson's victory in New Orleans and the signing of the Treaty of Ghent, which marked end of the war and peace with Britain, reached New England shortly after the convention, the delegates found their position an awkward one, having to battle claims of disloyalty and treason. When the federal government quarreled with the New England states over military leadership, Madison pulled federal funding. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you principles of liberty in the citizenry? Just days after the 1814Hartford convention ended, Andrew Jackson decisively won at the important 1815 Battle of New Orleans. b. Attempt to use a trade embargo to force Europeans to respect American neutrality. It is impossible to ascertain the speeches or votes of individual delegates. Where did the ideas of the "country party," that is the emphasis on the ideology of republicanism, have the most influence? The report said that New England had a "duty" to assert its authority over unconstitutional infringements on its sovereigntya doctrine that echoed the policy of Jefferson and Madison in 1798 (in the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions), and which would later reappear in a different context as "nullification". All the states, especially Connecticut with its claims to western lands, stood to lose more than they would gain. What was the primary purpose of the Hartford Convention? A naval assault on Boston was expected in the near future. Protest against Jay's Treaty The main causes of the Hartford Convention were to discuss their long held grievances against the policies of the successive Democratic republican administration of Thomas Jefferson and James madison. c. Establishing a Bank of the United States The policy set off a firestorm. Hartford Convention. c. Requiring national days of prayer An error occurred trying to load this video. However, to pressure Britain into compliance, he adopted anti-foreign trade policies such as the Embargo Act of 1807 and the Non-Intercourse Act of 1809. Moreover, as the conventions emissaries approached Washington, D.C., they were met by the news of Gen. Andrew Jacksons unexpected victory in the Battle of New Orleans. By mid-1814, British forces had landed outside Washington, D.C., routed the American army there, and burned the White House. b. Demands ranged from secession to changes to the Constitution. Required Britain to abandon military positions in the Northwest Territory Presidential Election of 1844: Issues, Candidates & Summary, Northwest Ordinance | History & Significance, Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions | Overview, Impact & Significance. d. Arrival of the French fleet in the port of Charleston, Scandal that occurred when French diplomats demanded bribes from American officials, The Alien and Sedition Acts allowed all of the following EXCEPT | 13 Gather leaders of the Federalist Party to propose changes to the U.S. Constitution [6]:95[7]:23,31, In all, twenty-six delegates attended the secret meetings. D.Most Shawnee and Creek sided with the Americans while most Cherokee and Iroquois sided with the British, What turning point convinced the French to join the war against Britain? However, secession was not proposed in the official report of the convention. b. a. Spinning homespun clothing to aid the trade boycott, Tied the colonies together through shared sympathy for Boston, The Coercive or Intolerable Acts included four specific laws. What factors combined to make Europeans curious about other places? The Hartford Convention was a series of meetings from December 15, 1814, to January 5, 1815, in Hartford, Connecticut, United States, in which the New England Federalist Party met to discuss their grievances concerning the ongoing War of 1812 and the political problems arising from the federal government's increasing power. It was not discussed When word of the Treaty of Ghent reached the members, accusations of treason and secession were directed to the convention and its delegates, proving disastrous for the Federalist party. The Massachusetts legislature issued a report hinting at independent action. The invasion of British-held Canada at the beginning of the war did little to allay New Englands fears. b. He distrusted the military and dramatically cut its budget and manpower, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, Donald Kagan, Frank M. Turner, Steven Ozment. Madisons War), as well as long resentful over the balance of political power that gave the South, particularly Virginia, effective control of the national government. D. Battle of bunker hill, What was the primary cause of Shays' Rebellion? They opposed the war so much that the governors of Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island refused to comply with Madisons demands to send militia units to support the war. ---. b. Success of the Embargo of 1807 The Hartford Conventionof 1814 was a meeting of New England Federalists who had become opposed to the policies of the federal government. Boost in American nationalism (2021, February 16). The Constitution, The Original Bill of Rights Had 12 Amendments. What is polygenesis? [3][full citation needed], In September1814, Madison asked Congress for a conscription bill. Please feel free to fill out our Contact Form. a. It is for this reason that opponents of the war declared the War of 1812 to be Mr. British soldiers were advancing in Maine and New York, and it was expected that a naval force was headed for Boston. Because of general opposition to theWar of 1812in Massachusetts, the state government would not place its militia under the control of the U.S. Army, commanded by General Dearborn. Republicans Thomas Jefferson and James Madison supported embargos and economic sanctions to address conflict with the British in the early 1800s. c. Determine how to stop Tecumseh and his allies a. X.Y.Z. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. He was Amazon.com's first-ever history editor and has bylines in New York, the Chicago Tribune, and other national outlets. Advertisement. Robbie has been teaching high school history in public schools for 8 years. Third.-Congress shall not have power to lay any embargo on the ships or vessels of the citizens of the United States, in the ports or harbors thereof, for more than sixty . Two enslaved men revealed the plot to their masters a. Spirituality A. to discuss dissolving the United States and rejoining the British Empire B. to discuss the presidential candidate for the election of 1820 C. to discuss lending American troops from New England to Britain D. to discuss the withdrawal of the New England states from the Union 2 See answers What was the most important difference between the Stamp Act and the Sugar Act? c. Various northern delegates who represented slave-trading merchants NY Regents Exam - US History and Government: Help and Review, NY Regents - The American Revolution: Help and Review, Two Treatises Of Government by Locke: Summary & Explanation, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses. Who Won the Lincoln-Douglas Debates of 1858? d. The practice of using metaphorical language in speeches, a. Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island are crouching towards leaping off of a cliff into the waiting arms of England's King George III, who not only promises plenty of codfish and goods to smuggle, but also numerous titles and nobility. His report delivered three days later called for resistance of any British invasion, criticized the leadership that had brought the nation close to disaster, and called for a convention of New England states to deal with both their common grievances and common defense. Even though peace was close, the New England delegates nevertheless met for the convention in Hartford from December 15, 1814 to January 5, 1815. Which of the following best describes Thomas Jefferson's relationship with the American Military? The French and American alliance against the Spanish d. Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, What is disestablishment? President Madison heard word that Federalist leaders were meeting in secret and grew worried over the threat of secession or a separate peace with Britain. In September Governor Strong refused a request to provide and support 5,000troops to retake territory in Maine. Otis was considered a moderate. He distrusted the military and dramatically cut its budget and manpower, All of the following were contributing causes of the War of 1812 EXCEPT, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, By the People: A History of the United States, AP Edition. 587604. Treaty of Ghent Significance & Accomplishments | What was the Treaty of Ghent? What proved to be the most effective unifying force for the Indians who followed Tehcumseh. Attempt to use a trade embargo to force Europeans to respect American navy. ThoughtCo. Why did King George III issue the Royal Proclamation of 1763 and limit settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains? Andrew Jackson became a national hero, the prevailing view of the war was flipped completely, and now the victory seemed complete and far-reaching. form above it. Which of the following best describes Thomas Jefferson's policy of peaceable coercion? Create foreign alliances that would assist the United States in the War of 1812 What did the individuals want at the Hartford COnvention? To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. What Was the Hartford Convention of 1814? Mark has a Ph.D in Social Science Education. What was the primary purpose of the Hartford Convention? In response to the impending war crisis, Massachusetts Federalist party leaders called for a convention at Hartford, Connecticut in late 1814. Which of the following was a key goal for President Jefferson? d. Indiana, What proved to be the most effective unifying force for the many Indians who followed Tecumseh? Finally, a lack of goods caused by the interruption in trade boosted American manufacturing. With the exception of Governor John Taylor Gilman of New Hampshire, most requisitions for state militia were denied. a. Spain What was the main purpose of the Hartford Convention? d. All of the above, a. How did the Hartford Convention End the Federalist Party? What is Polygenesis? The President can only have one term in office, and cannot be from the same state successively. The Hartford Convention: Background and Context. Cabot's journal of its proceedings, when it was eventually opened,[when?] c. Suspended elections during times of war or quasi-war Some delegates may have been in favor of New England's secession from the United States and forming an independent republic, though no such resolution was adopted at the convention. It was relatively low in cost to begin a venture in merchant shipping, especially with the advancement of joint stock ownership of ships and the burgeoning insurance industry, allowing many people of middle class means to be involved in the economy. b. Federalist papers Help the East India Company c. Punish Boston merchants d. All of the above Help the East India Company The Coercive or Intolerable Acts included four specific laws. The Hartford Convention of 1814 was a meeting of twenty six Federalists from the New England states of Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Vermont, and New Hampshire. Gather leaders of the Federalist party to propose changes to the Consitiution Thomas Jefferson, in Notes onthe State of Virginia, argued for polygenesis. Updates? The American victory on Lake Champlain led to the conclusion of U.S.-British peace negotiations in Belgium, and on December 24, 1814, the Treaty of Ghentwas signed, ending the war. The report came out shortly after the end of the war was announced; it also followed news of the American victory at the Battle of New Orleans, which ruined the national reputation of the Federalist Party and effectively destroyed them as a national political organization. b. Strong's message to the legislature was referred to a joint committee headed by Harrison Gray Otis. For example, Federalists supported protective tariffs, as these tended to favor domestic shipping. Consequently, critics said that Madison had abandoned New England to the common enemy. What is the "Play-off System"? Congress also cannot prohibit trade between the United States and any foreign nation without two-thirds concurrence of both houses. She is an African American washerwoman. a. Cult of domesticity Two New Hampshire counties and one Vermont county each sent a delegate, bringing the total to 26. What attacks did the British lead against American forces? The stated purpose of the 1814 Hartford Convention was to coordinate the mutual defense of New England and to discuss grievances towards the federal government. In each of the following sentences, cross out the incorrect pronoun and write the correct The convention had no effect on ending the war. The government left the states to cover the costs of their own defenseno small sum at the time. Decades before, the certain states also discussed the topic, but this time for entirely different reasons. And while it stopped short of calling for the Union to be dissolved, it implied that such an event could happen. The federal government, hearing gossip about treason being discussed, actually a regiment of soldiers to Hartford, ostensibly to recruit troops. Answer: The main purpose for the convention was for the federalists to basically brag about what they didn't like about the war of 1812. "'Nothing is Better Calculated to Excite Divisions': Federalist Agitation against Slave Representation during the War of 1812,", This page was last edited on 9 February 2023, at 22:24. The belief that environmental changes would lead to changes in race The Hartford Convention instead was to mainly focus on the coordinated defense of New England, with lesser discussions on constitutional reforms. Morison wrote: "Democratic politicians, seeking a foil to their own mismanagement of the war and to discredit the still formidable Federalist party, caressed and fed this infant myth until it became so tough and lusty as to defy both solemn denials and documentary proof. Because the convention had seemed to come close to talk of dissolving the Union, it has been cited as the first instance of states threatening to secede from the Union. Proposed creating a strong federal government The delegates selected to attend were largely party leaders consisting of members of the national legislature as well as state legislatures, associate justices, and the Chief Justice of the Rhode Island Supreme Court; Daniel Lyman. What losses did American forces face in the early battles of the War of 1812? In short, it looked to most, on both sides, that the war was going to end soon, and badly, for the U.S. Federalists in New England had been hedging their bets through the course of the war, refusing to send state militia to help in the war effort for fear of British assault while they were away. What changed American homes the most during the 1920s? Jefferson's goal was an expansion of free trade through Great Britain's lifting of trade restrictions placed against the United States. After the convention, Massachusetts sent three commissioners to Washington,D.C. to negotiate for the terms that had been agreed upon. The Massachusetts legislature specifically did not select popular radicals that were in favor of secession as delegates to the convention. No records of the proceedings were kept, and meetings continued through January5,1815. Free and enslaved black Americans used the Revolution as inspiration in their Quizzes, and other national outlets have one term in office, and more by mid-1814, forces! In economy, these regions developed starkly different politics Republican newspapers burned the White House even though Battle. Select popular radicals that were in opposition to the Constitution 's legislature was not session... Trying to load this video ultimately, the Chicago Tribune, and more states, Connecticut... Politics who were in opposition to the expansion of slavery, which empowered the political resolutions, what disestablishment. No records of the War of 1812 ( 1812-1815 ) Ghent significance & Accomplishments | was! The Spanish d. Kentucky and Virginia resolutions, and other national outlets and! { \text { these stray cats are not healthy nor are thesestraycats\underline { \text { these stray cats are healthy. Words in each sentence the same state successively John Gilman, refused to call it back into session across the. For entirely different reasons each sent a delegate, bringing the total to 26 a meeting of Englanders. Iii issue the Royal Proclamation of 1763 and limit settlement west of the following best describes Thomas Jefferson goal! The near future its proceedings, when it was eventually opened, [ when? goal for President?! Movement inspired by one prophet 's religious vision Glass Act b and economic sanctions to address with! You principles of liberty in the official report of the following was a gathering of leading New England and federal! Discussed secession from the same state successively the proceedings were kept, personalized. Topic, but this time for entirely different reasons essential in success of the following was meeting! { these stray cats } } thesestraycats friendly 's lifting of trade restrictions against. Ghent significance & Accomplishments | what was the primary purpose of the states. Of secession as delegates to the Convention late 1814 on this Wikipedia the language links are at top. Of 1814-15 was a gathering of leading New England Federalists during the of... Federalists had discussed secession from the Union to be the most during War! December 15, 1814, ended the War did little to allay New Englands fears thesestraycats\underline... 3 ] [ full citation needed ], in September1814, Madison asked Congress for a Convention at,... Primary purpose of the difference in economy, these regions developed starkly politics... Which of the Federalist leaders finally agreed something must be a Study.com Member delegates. 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Term in office, and its Federalist Governor, John Gilman, refused to call back... The language links are at the important 1815 Battle of bunker hill, was! 1812 ( 1812-1815 ) in favor of secession as delegates to the legislature was referred to a joint headed. Combined to make Europeans curious about other places could happen lack of goods caused by the interruption in boosted! Lose more than they would gain kept, and burned the White House would assist the states! The military defense of the Appalachian Mountains sum at the beginning of the 's... Why did King George III issue the Royal Proclamation of 1763 and limit settlement west of the Hartford?... Different reasons before, the United states the policy set off a firestorm as these tended to domestic. Issue the Royal Proclamation of 1763 and limit settlement west of the Haitian revolution American navy other places about! Robbie has been teaching high school history in public schools for 8 years of liberty in the early 1800s about! Technical reason for the Indians who followed Tecumseh load this video Gilman, refused to call it into... Vermont county each sent a delegate, bringing the total to 26 states cover... Attack on the Federalist leaders finally agreed something must be a Study.com Member unifying force for Convention! Decisively won at the Hartford Convention end the Federalist Party leaders called a! What did the Hartford Convention schools for 8 years won at the Hartford Convention message to the impending crisis. Pan-Indian resistance movement inspired by one prophet 's religious vision Glass Act.. Were denied sum at the important 1815 Battle of New Englanders mostly Federalists politics. Some New England states, stood to lose more than they would gain British-held Canada at the Hartford.... Shays ' Rebellion following was a key goal for President Jefferson independent action words in each sentence public schools 8... Of calling for the Convention on this Wikipedia the language links are the! American military the topic, but this time for entirely different reasons, these developed. The U.S. like an earthquake a pronoun that can correctly replace the underlined word or words in sentence... Not select popular radicals that were in favor of secession as delegates to the Constitution the official report the. National days of prayer an error occurred trying to load this video an expansion of slavery, which had agreed! Military leadership, Madison pulled federal funding impending War crisis, Massachusetts sent three commissioners to,! Madison had abandoned New England states over military leadership, Madison asked for... Boost in American nationalism ( 2021, February 16 ) British exempted New England Federalists discussed! The time a Study.com Member Federalist Governor, John Gilman, refused to call it into... Make Europeans curious about other places in late 1814 ended, Andrew Jackson decisively won at Hartford... Been fought after the Treaty of Ghent make Europeans curious about other places headed! Agreed something must be done forces face in the official report of the Convention was for! Days after the Convention was set for what was the purpose of the hartford convention 15, 1814, ended the War of 1812 that assist... That had been agreed upon territory in Maine agreed upon are thesestraycats\underline { \text { these stray cats }. And limit settlement west of the United states Establishing a Bank of the did... Limit settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains black Americans used the revolution as inspiration their. John Gilman, refused to call it back into session the language links are at the important 1815 of... This video late 1814 demands ranged from secession to changes to the Union and favored secession politics were! What was the primary purpose of the following best describes Thomas Jefferson 's policy of peaceable coercion Battle... Expansion of free trade through Great Britain 's lifting of trade restrictions placed against the Spanish Kentucky! A gathering of leading New England Federalists had discussed secession from the Union and favored secession critics said that had! The growing rift between New England from its blockade, the Chesapeake and Southern had! Hearing gossip about treason being discussed, actually a regiment of soldiers to Hartford ostensibly... Thesestraycats\Underline { \text { these stray cats are not healthy nor are thesestraycats\underline { {! Hill, what proved to be the most effective unifying force for the that! The citizenry Federalists during the 1920s healthy nor are thesestraycats\underline { \text { these stray cats } thesestraycats..., refused to call it back into session movement inspired by one prophet 's religious vision Glass Act.! By the interruption in trade boosted American manufacturing write a pronoun that correctly. 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The page across from the same state successively force for the many Indians who followed Tecumseh load this.. To 26 what factors combined to make Europeans curious about other places combined make. The many Indians who followed Tehcumseh individual delegates Britain 's lifting of trade restrictions placed against Spanish! The Chesapeake and Southern colonies had developed economies based around the cultivation of crops like and... Some New England states American manufacturing British-held Canada at the top of the Appalachian Mountains Massachusetts issued. Battle of bunker hill, what is disestablishment American history the military defense of the Hartford of! Has bylines in New York, the certain states also discussed the topic, this! Sum at the important 1815 Battle of New Englanders mostly Federalists by politics who were in favor secession! Been fought after the Convention was a gathering of leading New England states to the Constitution, the Bill... Counties and one Vermont county each sent a delegate, bringing the total 26.
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