It is based on Cucumber and uses the Gherkin Syntax. squares.push(foo(n)); This can be achieved using karate.callSingle(). And yes, variables can come from global config. Navigates to a new page / address. You can even mix this into mouse() actions. Normally an undefined variable results in nasty JavaScript errors. Especially when payloads are complex (or highly dynamic), it may be more practical to use contains semantics. And this call is using shared scope. All we need to do now is to tell Chrome to intercept some URL patterns and use the above mock-server feature-file: The entire example can be found here - and here is a video. It uses the Gherkin syntax, made popular by Cucumber, which is language-neutral, easy to use even for non-programmers and is centered on Behavior Driven Development (BDD). To create paginated pdf document from the page loaded. Emulating a device is supported natively only by type: chrome. This is just to reduce confusion for users new to Karate who tend to do * def request = {} and expect the request body or similarly, the url to be set. There are two things that can happen to the returned value. It was first mentioned on Thoughtworks Technology Radar in April 2019 as a language/framework to assess. This video explain how to do UI Automation using Karate DSL.If you like this video please do subscribe to my channel and keep watching ! 43K views 1 year ago Karate Framework Latest - By Naveen AutomationLabs In this video, I have explained what is Karate Framework - Introduction & Setup Installation Schedule a meeting in case. If you find yourself juggling multiple tags with logical AND and OR complexity, refer to this Stack Overflow answer. The built-in retry until syntax should suffice for most needs, but if you have some specific needs, this demo example (using JavaScript) should get you up and running: polling.feature. Note that if you tag Examples like this, and if a tag selector is used when running a given Feature - only the Examples that match the tag selector will be executed. """, # normal 'equality' match. Keep in mind that the start-up configuration routine could have already initialized some variables before the script even started. The assert keyword can be used to assert that an expression returns a boolean value. And you dont need to line-up an assortment of shell-scripts to do all these things. In case you were wondering, variables (and even expressions) are supported on the right-hand-side. This means that even when you have dynamic server-side generated values such as UUID-s and time-stamps appearing in the response, you can still assert that the full-payload matched in one step. Either - it can be assigned to a variable like so. Dont forget to leave a comment below! It can be used instead of waitForUrl() and you can still perform a page URL assertion as seen below. The use of includes() is needed in this real-life example, because innerHTML() can return leading and trailing white-space (such as line-feeds and tabs) - which would cause an exact == comparison in JavaScript to fail. For convenience, a null value will be ignored. See waitForUrl() instead of submit(). It typically ends up being a one-liner that appears in the Background section at the start of your test-scripts. Step 1: Create a feature file under src/test/java folder. This is especially useful when you want to maintain passwords, secrets or even URL-s specific for your local dev environment. For this you can use karate.stop() - but of course, NEVER forget to remove this before you move on to something else ! "/Applications/Google Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google Chrome", "C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome", 'justinribeiro/chrome-headless', showDriverLog, :9222 --security-opt seccomp=./chrome.json justinribeiro/chrome-headless, 'Microsoft.WindowsCalculator_8wekyb3d8bbwe!App', # waitForEnabled() returns an "Element" instance, waitFor('input[name=query]').input('karate-logo.png'), # if you want to get the actual url for later use, "function(e){ return e.innerHTML == 'APPEARED!' path to file containing public and private keys for your client certificate. Wait for the browser JS expression to evaluate to true. And the returned JSON is dynamic, the lastName will modify response.json via an embedded-expression. JsonPath filter expressions are very useful for extracting elements that meet some filter criteria out of arrays. Since this is a frequently asked question, the different ways of being able to re-use code (or data) are summarized below. Note that any cookies returned in the HTTP response would be automatically set for any future requests. In this post, we have covered Karate Framework for API Testing with GET, POST, PUT Method. Assertions and HTML reports are built-in, and you can run tests in parallel for speed. But note that you can always escape a quote if needed, using back-slashes: A more useful variation is to perform a JavaScript eval on a reference to the HTML DOM element retrieved by a locator. function(s) { # reset to defaults for the rest of the test //www.seleniumeasy.com/test/dynamic-data-loading-demo.html', # since we have the driver active, the "robot" namespace is needed, // this will attempt to capture the whole page, not just the visible part, The world needs an alternative to Selenium -, if present, Karate will attempt to invoke this, if not in the system, optional, and Karate would choose the traditional port for the given, optional, and typically only used for remote WebDriver usage where the HTTP client, optional, and rarely used only in case you need to append a path such as, default 3000 (milliseconds), duration to apply the, optional, by default Karate will auto-create a, the new Chromium based Microsoft Edge, using the, W3C Microsoft Edge WebDriver (the new one based on Chromium), also see, Windows Desktop automation, similar to Appium, This happens to be exactly equivalent to the above ! Here is the same example using this approach, where a couple of images need to be saved as part of the test-script: A video of the above execution can be viewed here. In this tutorial, we will learn API testing using Karate Framework, why we need Karate Framework and also example with GET, POST and PUT method. Empty cells or expressions that evaluate to null will result in the key being omitted from the JSON. Note that the path resets after any HTTP request is made but not the url. Yes, you can modify the request or response if needed ! you can use pure JsonPath expressions (notice how this is different from the above), # and even append to json arrays (or create them automatically), # and for match - the order of keys does not matter, # you can ignore fields marked with '#ignore', # you can even set whole fragments of xml, """ _ == _$.roomInformation[0].roomPrice' }, """ Match failure messages are much more descriptive and useful, and you get the power of embedded expressions and fuzzy matching. Reading files is achieved using the built-in JavaScript function called read(). The answer is no. Karate has an elegant approach to handling any action such as click() that results in a new page load. With the formalities out of the way, lets dive straight into the syntax. Based on the above details, you should be able to come up with a custom strategy to connect Karate to Playwright. if you acquired a string from some external source, or if you generated JSON (or XML) by concatenating text or using replace, you may want to convert a string to JSON and vice-versa. Make sure you call go() at the end - if the last method in the chain is not click() or up(). See also responseStatus if you want to do some complex assertions against the HTTP status code. You will often need to move steps (for e.g. Step 3: Add steps to run a sample POST API request. Now we will create a scenario in feature file. var sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSSZ"); The key should not be within quotes. This form of waitUntil() is very useful for waiting for some HTML element to stop being disabled. Behaves the same way as the. { When you have a large and complex project, you will end up with a few data files (e.g. API tests are written in BDD (Behaviour Driven Development) Using Gherkin syntax. Before you consider the set keyword - note that for simple JSON update operations, you can use eval - especially useful when the path you are trying to mutate is dynamic. For advanced users, Karate supports being able to query for tags within a test, and even tags in a @name=value form. A good example is when you want to use a CSV file as the request-body for a file-upload. A stand-alone example can be found here: examples/image-comparison along with a video explanation. Note that forcing Scenario-s to run in a particular sequence is an anti-pattern, and should be avoided as far as possible. They can be very useful in some situations. The default is: * configure driver = { headless: false }. Variables can be referred to within JSON, for example: So the rule is - if a string value within a JSON (or XML) object declaration is enclosed between #( and ) - it will be evaluated as a JavaScript expression. Note how even tags to exclude (or include) can be specified: Note that any Feature or Scenario with the special @ignore tag will be skipped by default. The BDD syntax with Cucumber is launguage neutral, and easy for even non-programmers. var foo = function(v){ return v * v }; } If you dont pass a handler (or it is null), the first message is returned. Note that more builder methods are available from the Runner.Builder class such as reportDir() etc. Refer to JsonPath short-cuts for a detailed explanation. You can do so by setting the charset to null via the configure keyword: If you need headers to be dynamically generated for each HTTP request, use a JavaScript function with configure headers instead of JSON. This is especially useful when capturing screenshots during tests and comparing against baseline images that are known to be correct. Also note how the Background will run 4 times (twice per Scenario). multipart file uploads can be tricky, and hard to get right. Because of the last rule above, note that string-concatenation may not work quite the way you expect: Observe how you can achieve string concatenation if you really want, because any valid JavaScript expression can be stuffed within an embedded expression. Other UI automation frameworks spend a lot of time encouraging you to follow a so-called Page Object Model for your tests. If you want to pass a clone to a called feature, you can do so using the rarely used copy keyword that works very similar to type conversion. By using this plugin, you agree to our privacy-policy. And if you use the following mock, it will actually act as a pass-through proxy - but with the advantage that every single request and response will be emitted to target/karate.log. When handling XML, you sometimes need to call XPath functions, for example to get the count of a node-set. What this means is that it can be chained as you expect. Note: desiredCapabilities has been deprecated and not recommended for use. Before we get to the HTTP keywords, it is worth doing a recap of the various shapes that the right-hand-side of an assignment statement can take: They are url, path, request, method and status. The get keyword allows you to save the results of a JsonPath expression for later use - which is especially useful for dynamic data-driven testing. This can be a huge time-saver ! Will poll using the retry() settings configured. If you use the Maven tweak described earlier (recommended), the root of the classpath will be in the src/test/java folder, or else would be src/test/resources. As you can imagine, this can handle un-predictable dialogs, advertisements and the like. Note that the special, built-in tag @ignore will always be skipped by default, and you dont need to specify ~@ignore anywhere. You can select a single Scenario (or Scenario-s or Scenario Outline-s or even specific Examples rows) by appending a tag selector at the end of the feature-file you are calling. There are a few situations where this comes in handy: As a convenience, you can omit the eval keyword and so you can shorten the above to: This is very convenient especially if you are calling a method on a variable that has been defined such as the karate object, and for general-purpose scripting needs such as UI automation. For example, where it is easy (or you already have a reference) to locate some element and you want to use that as a base to perform something on some other element which may not have a unique id or css / XPath locator. """, * def timeLong = call dateStringToLong '2016-12-24T03, # import yaml (will be converted to json), # if the js file evaluates to a function, it can be re-used later using the 'call' keyword (or invoked just like normal js), # the following short-cut is also allowed, # perfect for all those common authentication or 'set up' flows, And request karate.readAsString('classpath, # use only 'ssim' (structural similarity) engine, # always use both 'resemble' and 'ssim' engines but only evaluate the lowest mismatch percentage against our `failureThreshold`, # prefer 'resemble' and fallback to 'ssim' engine only if the resemble mismatch percentage is >= `failureThreshold`, # only consider the comparison as failed when 2% or more pixels are different from the baseline, * configure imageComparison = { failureThreshold, # consider image comparisons that fail due to too many mismatched pixels as passed (especially useful when you are first starting without any baseline images), * configure imageComparison = { mismatchShouldPass, # custom JS function called in Karate HTML image comparison UI when the user clicks the `Rebase` button, """ The unified use of Karate test-doubles means that you can script dynamic responses and handle incoming URL, query-string and header variations. useful to scrape text out of non-JSON or non-XML text sources such as HTML, like the above, but returns a list of text-matches. function(x, y, i) { And especially when it comes to test-automation, we have found that attempts to apply patterns in the pursuit of code re-use, more often than not - results in hard-to-maintain code, and severely impacts readability. But normally a match statement is preferred unless you want a really descriptive error message. * match response contains only deep { foo, # and you can use 'contains' the way you'd expect, # some more examples of validation macros, # this is also possible, see the subtle difference from the above, """ Karate has enhanced the Cucumber Scenario Outline as follows: These are best explained with examples. You can even perform a conversion from XML to JSON if you want. #string """, # in this case the solitary 'call' argument is of type string. 1. This is best explained with an example. As a convenience, cookies from the previous response are collected and passed as-is as part of the next HTTP request. You can refer to the Java interface definition of the driver object to better understand what the various operations are. var results = scriptAll('.js-tree-browser-result-path', '_.innerText'); Comma delimited values are supported which can be more convenient, and takes care of URL-encoding and appending / between path segments as needed. This is where the friendly locators come in. Theres a lot going on in the last line above ! Note how triple-quotes (""") are used to enclose content. Multi-values are supported the way you would expect (e.g. You can adjust configuration settings for the HTTP client used by Karate using this keyword. But you can prefix the name with classpath: in which case the root folder would be src/test/java (assuming you are using the recommended folder structure). Note that you can even include calls to a database from Karate using Java interop. a sibling Docker container or a Chrome browser in a different machine) you might need to configure DockerTarget with the remoteHost and/or useDockerHost properties. Note that for. Since these are tests and not production Java code, you dont need to be bound by the com.mycompany.foo.bar convention and the un-necessary explosion of sub-folders that ensues. There may be cases where you want to suppress this to make the reports lighter and easier to read. This is very useful to boil-down those common steps that you may have to perform at the start of multiple test-scripts - into one-liners. This capability is triggered when the table consists of a single cell, i.e. # if the expression begins with "_" or "! } You can use this to assert that it was returned within the expected time like so: Karate will attempt to parse the raw HTTP response body as JSON or XML and make it available as the response value. 1. . Heres a reminder that running any single JUnit test via Maven can be done by: Where CatsRunner is the JUnit class name (in any package) you wish to run. If you wanted to check if the Element returned exists, you can use the present property getter as follows: But what is most useful is how you can now click only if element exists. And if you need multiple functions, you can easily organize them into a single Java class with multiple static methods. The mouse().move() method has two forms. myInt + ''), in some rare cases, you may need to convert a string to a number. !contains deep is not yet supported, please contribute code if you can. Here is an interesting example where a JavaScript event can be triggered on a given HTML element: When starting with _, the ES6 arrow function syntax is also supported. JSON objects become Java Map-s, JSON arrays become Java List-s, and Java Bean properties are accessible (and update-able) using dot notation e.g. This means that you can have the below snippet activate only for your CI build, and you can leave your feature files set to point to what you would use in dev-local mode. ] You can feed an Examples table from a custom data-source, which is great for those situations where the table-content is dynamically resolved at run-time. Any valid JavaScript expression that evaluates to a Truthy or Falsy value is expected after the #?. And JSON arrays would become Java List-s. mass This example also shows how you can use a custom placeholder format instead of the default: Refer to this file for a detailed example: replace.feature. Here is an example that combines the table keyword with calling a *.feature. Also see this explanation. You can imagine how this greatly simplifies setting up tests for boundary conditions. Refer to this for the complete example: schema-like.feature. This is a normal JUnit 4 test class ! We can return JSON and even an image using a mock like this: Refer to the Karate test-doubles documentation for details. There are 3 forms: And since you can chain the retry() API, you can have tests that clearly express the intent to wait. 2. For every HTTP request made from Karate, the internal flow is as follows: This makes setting up of complex authentication schemes for your test-flows really easy. to save space and speed up report loading), * configure imageComparison = { hideUiOnSuccess, # ignore areas of an image (e.g. Of course this can be useful if the element you are seeking is diagonally offset from the locator you have. subType: { name: 'Smith', deleted: false } A good example of where you may need this is if you programmatically write a file to the target folder, and then you can read it like this: Take a look at the Karate Demos for real-life examples of how you can use files for validating HTTP responses, like this one: read-files.feature. Karate UI Automation Tutorial #1 - Introduction to Karate Tool & Setup - YouTube 0:00 / 17:13 Karate UI Automation Tutorial - Complete Course for Beginners and Manual Testers. It short-cuts to the pre-defined variable responseHeaders and reduces some complexity - because strictly, HTTP headers are a multi-valued map or a map of lists - the Java-speak equivalent being Map>. To avoid problems, stick to the pattern of using double-quotes to wrap the JavaScript snippet, and you can use single-quotes within. Get method in HTTP is used to read or access data or information. So most of the time this would be sufficient: Since it will result in the following request to the WebDriver /session: But in some cases, especially when you need to talk to remote driver instances, you need to pass specific shapes of JSON expected by the particular implementation - or you may need to pass custom data or extension properties. Note that it is a map of lists so you will need to do things like this: And just as in the responseCookies example above, you can use match to run complex validations on the responseHeaders. Just re-fresh your browser window if you re-run the test. You would typically use these to simulate a user sign-in and then grab a security token from the response. As a rule of thumb, prefer match over assert, because match failure messages are more detailed and descriptive. Note that Map translates to JSON, and JavaBean getters and setters translate to JS properties - e.g. There are examples of calling JVM classes in the section on Java Interop and in the file-upload demo. B efore to start talking, How I have learned and show an example How to connect on database with Karate Framework, let me introduce It. We will discuss the Karate API, UI Automation, and g. Also see waitForEnabled() which is the preferred short-cut for the last example above, also look at the examples for chaining and then the section on waits. subType: Test Automation | Karate Labs Open-source test automation solution used by 42 of the Fortune 500 companies. ] Karate UI automation, is it possible to make locators dynamic. { This is what is normally expected and simulates a web-browser - which makes it easy to script things like HTML-form based authentication into test-flows. returns the last HTTP response as a JS object that enables advanced use-cases such as getting a header ignoring case: returns the last HTTP request as a JS object that enables advanced use-cases such as getting a header ignoring case: get metadata about the currently executing, sets the value of a variable (immediately), which may be needed in case any other routines (such as the, where the single argument is expected to be a, only needed when you need to conditionally build payload elements, especially XML. Karate can run tests in parallel, and dramatically cut down execution time. """, # use dynamic path expressions to mutate json, * def filename = zone == 'zone1' ? playwright) for the start scripts to live. var JavaDemo = Java.type('com.mycompany.JavaDemo'); This is actually the intent most of the time and is convenient. Karate and BDD Karate is built on top of Cucumber, another BDD testing framework, and shares some of the same concepts. The built-in karate object is explained in detail later, but for now, note that this is also injected into print (and even assert) statements, and it has a helpful pretty method, that takes a JSON argument and a prettyXml method that deals with XML. So if you have a Feature with multiple Scenario-s in it - they will execute in parallel, and even each Examples row in a Scenario Outline will do so ! But some troublesome parts of your flow will require re-tries, and this is where the retry() API comes in. Everything to the right of the assert keyword will be evaluated as a single expression. Also works as a getter to retrieve the text of the currently visible dialog: When multiple browser tabs are present, allows you to switch to one based on page title or URL. Things are designed so that you can plug-in what you need, without needing to compile Java code. After run TestRunner class, we can see Junit console report. As a short-cut, when running JsonPath expressions - $ represents the response. And path blog What is even more interesting is that expressions can refer to variables: And functions work as well ! for simulating check-boxes and multi-selects): You can also dynamically set multiple fields in one step using the form fields keyword. """, # very useful for validating a response against a schema "super-set", * match karate.filterKeys(response, 'b', 'c') == { c, * match karate.filterKeys(response, ['a', 'b']) == { a, # generate a range of numbers as a json array, """ Karate has a set of Java API-s that expose the HTTP, JSON, data-assertion and UI automation capabilities. Use it sparingly, and only for string, number or simple payload comparisons. Might be desirable instead of, useful to brute-force all keys and values in a JSON or XML payload to lower-case, useful in some cases, see, functional-style map operation useful to transform list-like objects (e.g. Karate provides an elegant native-like experience for placeholder substitution within strings or text content. hero(name: "") { Get a cookie by name. Standard JavaScript syntax rules apply, but the right-hand-side should begin with the function keyword if declared in-line. return jd.doWork(arg); Get the absolute position and size of an element by locator as follows: The absolute position returns the coordinate from the top left corner of the page. Note that since only JsonPath is expected on the left-hand-side of the == sign of a match statement, you dont need to prefix the variable reference with $: A convenience that the get syntax supports (but not the $ short-cut form) is to return a single element if the right-hand-side evaluates to a list-like result (e.g. Only supported for type: 'chrome' - this will wait for a JS promise to resolve and then return the result as a JSON object. If you are new to programming or test-automation, refer to the options for IDE support and the official IntelliJ plugin is recommended. So especially when doing above() or below(), ensure that the search path is aligned the way you expect. The scenario expression result is expected to be an array of JSON objects. In addition to fields,